Key points passmedicine (part-d)

Asymmetrical symptoms suggests idiopathic Parkinson's Atrial fibrillation - cardioversion: amiodarone + Flecainide Atrial fibrillation: rate control - beta blockers preferable to digoxin Atrial myxoma - commonest site = left atrium Atrial natriuretic peptide - powerful vasodilator Atypical antipsychotics commonly cause weight gain Atypical lymphocytes - ?glandular fever Autosomal recessive conditions are 'metabolic' - exceptions: inherited ataxias Autosomal dominant conditions are 'structural' - exceptions: hyperlipidaemia type II, hypokalaemic periodic paralysis Avoid aspirin in children < 16 years as risk of Reye's syndrome Azathioprine - check thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency (TPMT) before treatment B-type natriuretic peptide is mainly secreted by the ventricular myocardium BNP - actions:Vasodilator diuretic and natriuretic suppresses both sympathetic tone and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemBacterial vaginosis - overgrowth of predominately Gardnerella vaginalisBacterial vaginosis: oral metronidazole Bartter's syndrome is associated with normotension Bendroflumethiazide - mechanism of hypokalaemia:increased sodium reaching the collecting ducts activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosteroneBendroflumethiazide - site of action = proximal part of the distal convoluted tubules Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter Beta-blocker overdose management: atropine + glucagon Bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia is the most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism Bisphosphonates can cause a variety of oesophageal problems Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclasts Bitemporal hemianopia:- lesion of optic chiasm;upper quadrant defect > lower quadrant defect = inferior chiasmal compression, commonly a pituitary tumour lower quadrant defect > upper quadrant defect = superior chiasmal compression, commonly a	       

craniopharyngiomas