Last min Clincal Hematology and oncology Passmedicine part (A)

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Clinical Hematology and Oncology
Activated protein C resistance (Factor V Leiden) is the most common inherited thrombophilia
Acute myeloid leukaemia - good prognosis: t(15;17)
Acute myeloid leukaemia - poor prognosis: deletion of chromosome 5 or 7
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia - t(15;17)
Anaplastic thyroid cancer - aggressive, difficult to treat and often causes pressure symptoms
Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy: aspirin + LMWH
Antiphospholipid syndrome: (paradoxically) prolonged APTT + low platelets
Burkitt's lymphoma - c-myc gene translocation
Burkitt's lymphoma is a common cause of tumour lysis syndrome
CLL - immunophenotyping is investigation of choice
CLL - treatment: Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide and Rituximab (FCR)
CML - Philadelphia chromosome - t(9:22)
Cancer patients with VTE - 6 months of LMWH
Cetuximab - monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor
Chronic myeloid leukaemia - imatinib = tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Cisplatin is associated with hypomagnesaemia
Colorectal cancer screening - PPV of FOB = 5 - 15%
Cyclophosphamide - haemorrhagic cystitis - prevent with mesna
Desmopressiin - induces release of von Willebrand's factor from endothelial cells
Disproportionate microcytic anaemia - think beta-thalassaemia trait
EBV: associated malignancies:
 Burkitt's lymphoma
 Hodgkin's lymphoma
 nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Factor V Leiden mutation results in activated protein C resistance
Gastric adenocarcinoma - signet ring c

Gingival hyperplasia: phenytoin, ciclosporin, calcium channel blockers and AML
HRT: adding a progestogen increases the risk of breast cancer
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia - autosomal dominant
Hodgkin's lymphoma - best prognosis = lymphocyte predominant
Hodgkin's lymphoma - most common type = nodular sclerosing
ITP - give oral prednisolone
IgM paraproteinaemia - ?Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia
Metastatic bone pain may respond to NSAIDs, bisphosphonates or radiotherapy
Myelofibrosis - most common presenting symptom - lethargy
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is associated with GORD or Barrett's
Paraneoplastic features of lung cancer
 squamous cell: PTHrp, clubbing, HPOA
 small cell: ADH, ACTH, Lambert-Eaton syndrome

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